German History

Rise of Hitler: The material allows students to investigate the rise of Hitler, examine his character and consider why he gained so much support in Germany. There are also source analysis questions on Hitler and Nazi Germany. Further content is added frequently and any comments, suggestions and ideas are warmly welcomed.

History of Germany: This detailed history of Germany is taken from the Area Handbook of the US Library of Congress. Chapters include Early History, Medieval Germany, Protestant Reformation, Thirty Years' War, 1618-48, Age of Enlightened Absolutism, 1648-1789, French Revolution and Germany, German Confederation, 1815-66, Bismarck and Unification, Imperial Germany, Weimar Republic, 1918-33, Third Reich, 1933-45, Postwar Occupation and Division, Birth of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, West Germany and the Community of Nations, Ulbricht Era, 1949-71, Social Democratic-Free Democratic Coalition, 1969-82, Christian Democratic Christian Socialist-Free Democratic Coalition, Honecker Era, 1971-89 and Opening of the Berlin Wall and Unification.

Germany 1933: Gareth Jones’s articles were written and published following his visits to Germany in February and June 1933 and in August 1934. Titles of the articles that appeared in the Western Mail and the Financial News includes Germany Wants a new Frederick the Great, German & Slave, Workless Millions in Germany, How Germany Tackles Unemployment, Storm Over the Polish Corridor, Germany Awake, Impressions of Germany and Fascist Dictatorship in Germany.

Germany: 1900-45: A comprehensive encyclopaedia of Germany. So far there are sections on the First World War (82), German Art (18), German Scientists (26), Weimar Republic (16), Political Parties (8), Political Leaders : 1900-1930 (42), Foreign Policy: 1930-40 (12), Military Leaders (42), Nazi Germany (34), Nazi Political Leaders (74), German Resistance to Nazism (52), Holocaust (46).

Museum of Tolerance: The Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Jewish human rights agency, has recently created an online Museum of Tolerance. This includes 3,000 text files and thousands of photographs on the Holocaust and the Second World War. A Teacher's Resource section provides a glossary, timeline, bibliographies, 36 questions and answers about the Holocaust and curricular resources for teachers. The website also includes 13,785 documents in English, German and Hebrew from the Institute of Documentation in Israel.

German Resistance: The German Resistance Memorial Center is a site of remembrance, political studies, active learning, documentation, and research. An extensive permanent exhibition, a series of temporary special exhibitions, events and a range of publications document and illustrate resistance to National Socialism. The goal is to show how individual persons and groups took action against the National Socialist dictatorship from 1933 to 1945 and made use of what freedom of action they had. The website so far has 65 biographies of people who resisted the government of Adolf Hitler.

German-American History & Heritage: An impressive collection of resources to use when studying German immigration to the United States. The website includes biographies of over 200 German-Americans, online books and miscellaneous essays relating to German-Americans. The teaching resources section includes materials on 'German Immigrant Culture in America', 'Revolutionaries of 1848' and 'German-Americans and their Contributions to American Mainstream Culture'.

Rhineland: On March 7th 1936 German troops marched into the Rhineland. This was Hitler’s first illegal act in foreign relations since coming to power in 1933 and it threw the European allies, especially France and Britain, into confusion. What should they do about his actions? These documents reveal the motives and attitudes of the British government as they discuss their options. This activity involves students studying extracts from the Minutes of the Cabinet Meeting on March 11th, 1936.

Anne Frank: Andrew Moore is in the process of creating a website on the resources available for the study of Anne Frank and the Holocaust. It has been written to coincide with the History for Today Anne Frank exhibition which is currently touring the UK. The site will provide teaching resources, related to Anne Frank and the Holocaust, for a wide range of subjects. Teachers and educators are invited to send in materials that they would like to see added to this large database of resources on Anne Frank.

Third Reich Factbook: This apolitical site provides information on (almost) all aspects of Germany and her allies during World War II, as well as a message forum for discussions on these topics. Aspects covered include the armed forces (Heer, Kriegsmarine, Luftwaffe, Waffen-SS as well as those of Germany's allies), the political organizations, security organization, militaria (uniforms, awards, flags, documents, stamps etc.), propaganda (posters, songs etc.) and the Holocaust. Also included are book reviews and listings of museums that include material from the Third Reich.

Cybrary of the Holocaust: The authors of the Cybrary of the Holocaust website point out in their introduction that they use "art, discussion groups, photos, poems, and a wealth of facts to preserve powerful memories and to educate scholars and newcomers alike about the Holocaust." Sections include: 'The Camps', 'Witnesses', 'Children of Survivors', 'Historical Perspectives', 'Virtual Tour of Auschwitz' and 'Bookstore'. The Holocaust Quilt enables visitors to leave a memory of a victim or survivor of the Holocaust. Part of the site is for educators and includes a 'Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust'.

The Rise of Hitler: This online lesson from School History allows pupils to investigate and learn about the Rise of Hitler. It examines a profile of Hitler, then goes on to investigate the key questions of 'How did Hitler come to Power' and 'Why did people support Hitler'. The lesson concludes with an assessment activity analysing sources. Tried and tested in class, the author, Andrew Field welcomes suggestions for improvement (mrfield@btinternet.com).

Nazi and East German Propaganda: Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The German Propaganda Archive includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists. The goal is to help people understand the two great totalitarian systems of the 20th Century by giving them access to the primary material.

Nuremberg: On December 9, 1946, an American military tribunal opened criminal proceedings against 23 leading German physicians and administrators for their willing participation in war crimes and crimes against humanity. In Nazi Germany, German physicians planned and enacted the "Euthanasia" Program, the systematic killing of those they deemed "unworthy of life." The victims included the mentally retarded, the institutionalized mentally ill, and the physically impaired. Further, during World War II, German physicians conducted pseudoscientific medical experiments utilizing thousands of concentration camp prisoners without their consent. Most died or were permanently crippled as a result. Most of the victims were Jews, Poles, Russians, and Gypsies. After almost 140 days of proceedings, including the testimony of 85 witnesses and the submission of almost 1,500 documents, the American judges pronounced their verdict on August 20, 1947. Sixteen of the doctors were found guilty. Seven were sentenced to death. They were executed on June 2, 1948. In commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Doctors Trial, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum presents excerpts from the official trial record, with accompanying photographs.

Adolf Hitler: Jewish Virtual Library: A collection of documents and articles concerning Adolf Hitler. This includes the exchange of letters Between Hindenburg And Hitler concerning the status of Jews who served in the German Army, Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler's First Antisemitic Writing, Adolf Hitler on the Annihilation of the Jews, Hitler & the Jewish Question, Hitler on Propaganda, Hitler’s Explanation of the Soviet Invasion, Hitler's Last Will and Was Hitler Jewish?

The Niztor Project: A website dedicated to the millions of Holocaust victims who suffered and died at the hands of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regime. Subjects covered include the Holocaust Camps, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, The Nuremberg Trials, Techniques of Holocaust Denial, Trial of Adolf Eichmann and Holocaust Revisionism.

Nazi and East German Propaganda: Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the postwar German Democratic Republic. The German Propaganda Archive website maintained by Randall Bytwerk, includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists. The goal is to help people understand the two great totalitarian systems of the 20th Century by giving them access to the primary material. The website includes speeches, posters, cartoons and photographs.

Nazi Propaganda 1933-1945: Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany. This section is a collection of English translations of Nazi propaganda for the period 1933-1945. The goal of the website is to help people understand the great totalitarian systems of the twentieth century by giving them access to primary material. The archive is substantial. If you are looking for something specific, you might try the search function available at the bottom of the page.

Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals: Between 1933 and 1945, Germany's National Socialist (Nazi) government under Adolf Hitler used its monopoly of authority to attempt to rid German territory of people who did not fit its vision of a "master Aryan race." Foremost among the so - called racial enemies, according to the Nazis' antisemitic ideology, were the Jews. Many other groups were targets of persecution and even murder under the Nazis’ ideology, including Germans with mental and physical disabilities, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war. This United States Holocaust Memorial Museum online exhibition examines the campaign of persecution and violence against the homosexuals of Germany.

Conspiracy Centre: From September 1938 to July 20, 1944, the German conspirators plotted 17 assassination attempts against Adolf Hitler. This website is dedicated to those German involved in the six-year effort to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime. The material includes a timeline, several articles on German plots and short biographies of 70 of the conspirators.

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